Climate
The climate in the region is divided into Kola (Hot), Weinadega (Mid) and Dega (Cold). The altitude ranges from 800 meters a.s.l. in the Western lowlands to 3925 meters a.s.l. at Amba Alage. The rainfalls are monomial in many parts of the region, falling between the months of May and September and it is bimodal in some of the highland areas. The pattern is erratic, inadequate and unreliable. The mean annual temperature ranges from 150 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius. Starting from the months of October to the end of February winds prevail in the area. The relative humidity is highest during the rainy months and lowest at the tail end of the dry season in April.

Soil and Topography

Topographically, Tigray is mainly a high land plateau with low land alluvial plains in the central high land reach up to 3900 a.s.l. The Majority of tigrean's live in the central high lands at an altitude range of 2000 to 3000m a.s.l. The soil type varies from vertisole to heavy clay and loamy sand. As a result of long history of continuous cropping and inadequate conservation measures, soil in many parts of the region is shallow and susceptible to erosion. Their productivity levels are low and responsive to Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. The organic level of the soil is also very low due to continuous cropping.